先生成示例
类比提示（Analogical Prompting）1 是一种方法，旨在让大型语言模型（LLM）在开始处理用户查询之前，先生成与问题相关的示例。
这利用了大型语言模型在训练过程中获得的各种知识形式，并明确提示它们回忆相关的问题和解决方案。我们可以使用以下模板来进行类比提示：
类比提示模板
问题：[用户提示]
相关问题：回忆三个相关且独特的问题。对于每个问题，描述它并解释其解决方案。
解决问题
我们可以使用如下所示的 instructor 来实现这一点，并进行了一些微小修改。
from openai import OpenAI
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
import instructor
from textwrap import dedent
client = instructor.from_openai(OpenAI())
class RelevantProblem(BaseModel):
problem_explanation: str
solution: str
class Response(BaseModel):
relevant_problems: list[RelevantProblem] = Field(
max_length=3,
min_length=3,
)
answer: RelevantProblem
def analogical_prompting(query: str):
return client.chat.completions.create(
messages=[
{
"role": "user",
"content": dedent(
f"""
<problem>
{query}
</problem>
Relevant Problems: Recall three relevant and
distinct problems. For each problem, describe
it and explain the solution before solving
the problem
"""
),
}
],
model="gpt-4o",
response_model=Response,
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
query = (
"What is the area of the square with the four "
"vertices at (-2, 2), (2, -2), (-2, -6), and "
"(-6, -2)?"
)
response = analogical_prompting(query)
for problem in response.relevant_problems:
print(problem.model_dump_json(indent=2))
"""
{
"problem_explanation": "Determine the distance
between two points in a coordinate plane.",
"solution": "To find the distance between two
points, use the distance formula: \\(d =
\\sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}\\). This
formula calculates the Euclidean distance between
points (x_1, y_1) and (x_2, y_2)."
}
"""
"""
{
"problem_explanation": "Calculate the area of a
square given its side length.",
"solution": "The area of a square can be found
using the formula: \\(A = s^2\\), where \\(s\\) is
the length of one side of the square."
}
"""
"""
{
"problem_explanation": "Identify vertices and
properties of a geometry shape such as
parallelogram.",
"solution": "For any quadrilateral, verify that
all sides are equal and angles are right angles to
confirm it is a square. Use properties of
quadrilaterals and distance formula."
}
"""
print(response.answer.model_dump_json(indent=2))
"""
{
"problem_explanation": "Calculate the area of a
square given its vertices.",
"solution": "First, confirm the shape is a square by
checking the distance between consecutive vertices
and ensuring all sides are of equal length using the
distance formula. For vertices (-2,2), (2,-2),
(-2,-6), and (-6,-2), calculate distances between
consecutive points. If distances are equal, use the
side length to compute area using \\(A = s^2\\)."
}
"""